Jean-Pierre Melville

Jean-Pierre Grumbach, known professionally as Jean-Pierre Melville, was a French filmmaker. Considered a spiritual father of the French New Wave, he was one of the first fully-independent French filmmakers to achieve commercial and critical success. His works include the crime dramas Bob le flambeur, Le Doulos, Le Samouraï, and Le Cercle Rouge, and the war films Le Silence de la mer and Army of Shadows.